Net energy^a content

Gross energy^a content

CO₂ emission^b

(kg∙GJ⁻¹)

N₂O emission

(kg CO₂-eq∙kg⁻¹∙N)

Diesel

43.3

50.2

86.1

Gasoline

43.7

53.3

87.8

Electricity

3.6

9.5

156

Natural gas

31.65

32.0

56.6

Biodiesel

37.0

Bioethanol

26.8

Fertiliser

Direct soil emission

4.87

Indirect soil emission

1.58

Production emission

2.11^c

3.18

Crop residues

Direct soil emission

4.87

Indirect soil emission

1.09